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REPORT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN
JIANGXI
MAJOR WAYS AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN JIANGXI
Since 1970s, the ideas of sustainable development have caught broad attention of international society. In 1992, UN held Environment and Development Conference in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. According to the spirit of the conference, Chinese government formulated twenty-first century agenda regarding population, environment, and development. Jiangxi provincial government established a team of leadership implementing the agenda, and governor Huang zhi quan presides over it. Since the establishment of the team, it has formulated and implemented action plan of the agenda, pushed ecological construction, environment protection, and rational resource utilization as well as tried to promote harmonious development among economy, society, and environment. Achievements are great.
First, strengthen ecological construction in the process of economic development. Jiangxi is a developing province, and quicker development is its top priority. During the course of speeding up economic development, we follow the concepts of scientific development to deal with relation between now and future correctly. (1) Increase the construction of protection zones of nature. We have 128 zones covering 808 thousand hectares which account for 4.84 percent of Jiangxi. As a result, major ecological systems, 85 percent advanced plant species and over 80 percent wild terrestial animal species have been effectively protected and subtropical biodiversity has been preserved. (2) Advance significant ecological engineerings. We have carried out the protection of natural forest, the return of cultivation to forest and grassland, and the closing of hillsides to foster forest. In order to increase capacity of keeping moisture and purification, we have worked on integrated management of watershed. In the past l0 years, the areas of runoff have decreased from 3300 thousand hectares to 1300 thousand hectares.(3)Construct the forest industry system. The property system of forest industry has been reformed. Now we try to make sure that who are owners of the hills, and the owners should take responsibility, those who take responsibility have privileges and benefits, we have issued a number of supporting policies concerning relief on taxes and charges activate business. Therefore, public welfare forest, prevention forest and economic forest have been reinforced, resuiting in senic landscape unchangeable. In the past 10 years, a lot of trees have been planted, covering an area of 2300 thousand hectares. Consequently, the rate of forest covering has hit 60.05 percent, sitting on the top list nationwide.
Secondly, enhance environment protection in the process of construction. We really follow the principles of paying same attention to development and protection, and prevention and treatment. Moreover, we take effective measures to hold those who develop responsible for protection, and hold those who commit damages responsible for restoration. (1) enhance legislation, enforcement, and monitoring regarding environment, we have especially formulated the important documents such as The Ordinance of Poyang Lake Wetland Protection, The Ordinance of Drinking Water Source Region Protection, and The Decision of Strengthening Ecological Protection and Construction in DongRiver Source. we are determined to punish illegall activities of indiscriminate catching protected animals and careless cutting prory. In addition, strengthen tected plants to preserve biodiversity; seriously inspect and punish the enterprises with illegal discarges of populltants; get rid of illegal performance of polluting environment and damaging ecology; close illegal mining and mining enterprises without permits to ensure that resource utilization is in order.(2) enhance auxiliary engineering construction of environment protection supporting key projects. Carry on with the policy of environment assessment, and strictly control of opening of projects that do not meet the environmental requirements; make sure that the facilities of environmental protection and pollution treatment keep pace with engineering construction in design, implementation, examination, and utilization. Pay much attention to the construction of auxiliary prevention forest and green belts supporting railways, highways, and countryside roads, and implement water and soil conservation. Moreover, work on environmental protection projects for hydro-electricity projects and try our best to reduce negative impacts of hydroelectricity engineerings on water, fish, terrestial anmials and plants. (3) Strengthen the construction of urban facilities of environmental protection. Speed up the engineering construction of urban sewage treatment and garbage disposal, and dispose the medical wastes and dangerous radioactive wastes safely. (4)Enhance the monitoring and management of environment. Establish comprehensive assessment technologies and standard systems of dynamic monitoring of water quality of rivers and lakes, acid rain, atmosphere, noises, and use remote sensing to trace and
prevent all kinds of negative factors impacting environment from happening to keep sound environment status. At present, water quality section 1-3 classification hit 75.2 percent across the province.
Thirdly, broaden ecological engineering in the course of improving people's life. Primary goals of development are to improve people's life, the most important of which is for people to drink clean water, take in fresh air, and have safe food. What we have done is as following: (1) Develop ecological food. Quality fruit industry in the mountainous areas, shelter vegetable industry in urban suburbs, stockbreeding in the mountains, and featured aquaculture in the lakes areas have been formed, which serve markets with rich green agricultural products. The number of registered organic food produced in Jiangxi is 98, ranked first nationwide. Total of products with green food mark is 302, ranked 8th across the country;(2)Develop the engineering of ecological tourism. Take full advantages of Jinggang Mountain, Longfu mountain, Sanqin mountain, Sanbai mountain, Poyang Lake, Zelin Lake, Angel Lake, and Wuyuan to create green, red, and ancient brands, inspire people's desire of returning to nature, exploring nature, getting to know nature and loving nature; (3)Carry out the engineering of ecological migration. The moving out engineering from weak ecological regions in the remote mountains, reservoir areas, and flooded areas has been started. There are a lot of approaches such as returning cultivation to lake and forest, building towns for migrants and supporting poor. Consequently, lmillion residents have moved out, resulting in a good cycle of ecological restoration in original living places and happy work and living in new residential areas.
Harness rural environment. Intensify the protection of water source areas, drive the harmless disposal of dejecta of animals, and build the engineering of clean and healthy drinking water. Based on the idea of cyclical use, establish marsh gas engineering to extend modes of "pigs-marsh gas -fruits". At present, the number of farm households using marsh gas have reached 1020 thousands, which make full use of resources at the same time improve rural landscape. (5) Speed up urban greening and beautifying. We have created more green space as possible as and worked on building a garden city while we construct the facilities for business, trade, and living.
Fourthly, take active part in international cooperation in open attitude. Since 1980s, we have established good cooperative relationship with over 20 countries and international organizations in the field of sustainable development: (I) in order to protect biodiversity, we have cooperated with World Nature Fund and other international organizations in the fields of study on the resources of Poyang Lake and biological protection; (2) we have cooperated with World Bank to start overall agricultural modernization to improve development conditions in rural areas; (3) we have cooperated with European Union to implement the projects of sustainable development in the mountainous regions to increase efficiency there; (4) In order to improve geological conditions of agriculture, we have cooperated with Asian Development Bank to develop red soil to improve capacity of keeping moisture and fertility; (5) In order to take advantages of human resources, we implemented the project of Development and Supporting Poor of Farmers' Participation" sponsored by United Nations Development Program (NUDP);(6) In order to protect natural geology and building heritage, we applied lo United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO) for putting Lushan mountain on lists of World Heritage Preservation and World Geological Park. In the term of broad cooperation with abroad, Jiangxi's Mountain-River-Lake Project, based on the theory of systematical engineering, has caught intensive attention from international society, and in 1992, it was chosen as a good example in the field of integrated management to Technical Exposition of First World Environment and Development Conference, and in 2000, to World Exposition, in Hanoverian, German. The cooperation with abroad not only benefits Jiangxi's people, but also World's people. For instance, Poyang Lake involved with Project of Mountain-River-Lake is the largest habitat of white crane worldwide where it plays significant role in protecting endangered birds in the world.
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